Vai eksistē nesāpīga konvertēšana no RGB uz CMYK?

Atbilde uz šo jautājumu ir viennozīmīga un vienreiz jau tika atzīmēta arī šajā blogā, bet tagad vēlētos padalīties ar PIA/GATF’s Center for Imaging Excellence direktores Jūlijas Šaferes (Julie Shaffer) viedokli par šo jautājumu, kas tika publicēts vienā no ASV poligrāfijas nozares specializētajiem izdevumiem.

Pirms apdrukas

Pirms kāda laika stāstīju savam draugam, ka rakstu publikāciju par nesāpīgu krāsu konvertēšanu no RGB uz CMYK. «Veselu rakstu?», draugs pārsteigts jautāja «vai tad tu nevari to pateikt vienā teikumā?»

Draugs ir dizaineris ar daudzu gadu pieredzi prepress jomā, tāpēc es nedaudz sašaubījos par sevi, bet pēc tam atskartu, ko viņš ar to bija domājis: «Lietot Photoshop lai nomainītu krāsu profilu no RGB uz CMYK — vai tas ir tas teikums, par kuru tu domāji?»

«Jā», viņš atbildēja «tas ir samērā vienkārši». Bet draugs nesaprata, ka mans uzdevums ir aprakstīt, kā to izdarīt nesāpīgi. Lai saprastu, kas tas ir, nodefinēsim, ka nesāpīga konvertēšana no RGB uz CMYK ir bildes krāsu diapazona maiņa, saglabājot pēc iespējas vairāk no oriģināla (limitējot to ar drukas iekārtu iespējām) un darot to maksimāli automatizēti un vienkārši.

Tajā brīdi draugs piekrita, ka viņa klienti bieži vien ir ļoti pārsteigti un neapmierināti pēc viņa veiktās samērā vienkāršās krāsu diapazona maiņas, ka nākas daudz strādāt pie bilžu koriģēšanas. Un tas viss tikai tāpēc, ka viņa uzņēmums procesu automatizēšanai izvēlējās mainīt krāsu diapazonus bildēm automātiski RIP procesu laikā. Sakarā ar to, ka RIP neizmanto nekādu krāsu menedžmentu, šī metode noved līdz slikti paredzamiem rezultātiem, kas bieži vien nozīmē arī pasūtījuma pārdrukāšanu.

Digitālo kameru ēra atklājusi jaunus horizontus RGB

Ja pirms kāda laika RGB bildes bija nepieciešamas vecajām biroja drukas iekārtām, tad tagad šo stafetes kociņu ļoti ātri ir pārņēmusi praktiski visa fotogrāfijas sfēra. Digitālie fotoaparāti un skeneri informāciju nolasa caur sarkanās, zaļās un zilās krāsas (RGB) filtriem, tādējādi veidojot RGB bildes. Protams, ir augstas kvalitātes CMYK veltņskeneri (kas gan arvien vairāk un vairāk sāk kļūt par pagātni), kas arī skanē ar RGB metodēm, bet pēc tam automātiski konvertē bildes CMYK diapazonā. Rezultātā poligrāfijas veterāni kā arī daudzas poligrāfijas firmas vēl joprojām uzskata par pašsaprotamu saņemt no klienta bildes, kas jau ir pārvērstas CMYK diapazonā, līdz ar to noveļot uz viņiem vainu par to, ka CMYK bildēm var zust vai mainīties krāsu detaļas.

Digitālo attēlu skaita pieaugums pateicoties digitālo fotoaparātu un mājas apstākļu skenēšanas iekārtu pieaugumam tika turpina augt, un poligrāfiķiem nākas darboties tieši ar RGB bildēm. Līdz ar to ir ļoti svarīgi noteikt, kā veiksmīgāk RGB failus nodrukāt ciān-fuksīn-dzelten-melnajās krāsās, kas tiek izmantotas poligrāfijā.

Līdz ar to ir skaidrs, ka krāsu profilēšana (Color management) ir vissvarīgākā lieta. Visām iekārtām, kas piedalās galaprodukta radīšanā ir savi krāsu diapazoni — monitoriem, digitālajām kamerām, skeneriem, proof-druku iekārtām, utt. Krāsu profilu pamatā ir iespēja atrast optimālo krāsu izmantošanu, kas apvienotu visas šīs iekārtas un atvieglotu darbu. It īpaši gadījumos, kad ar katru no šīm iekārtām darbojas savā starpā nesaistītas personas. Tādā gadījumā jebkurā posmā ir skaidrs, ka tas, kas parādās uz monitora ir ļoti tuvu tam, kas parādīsies uz cita monitora vai tiks nodrukāts.

Katras iekārtas aprakstošie profili, kas satur attiecīgās iekārtas krāsu gammas ietilpību aprakstošos faktorus, ir pamatā precīzam krāsu menedžmentam. Profili var būt unikāli – attiecināmi tikai uz attiecīgo iekārtu (kas lielākoties ir raksturīgi vidējās klases tintes printeriem), bet var būt arī universāli ICC profili, kas ir balstīti uz specifikācijām, kuras ir izstrādātas Starptautiskajā Krāsu Konsorcijā (International Color Consortium). Sakombinējot ienākošās krāsas profilus ar izejošo krāsu profiliem, pirmā krāsa var tikt konvertēta pareizā otrā profila krāsā. Šo krāsu profilu reģistrēšanu un uzraudzību veic krāsu menedžmenta un atbilstības modulis (color management/matching module, CMM). CMM eksistē vairākos drukātās produkcijas sagatavošanas posmos, sākot ar bildes apstrādi un beidzot ar RIP procesiem.

Trīs lietas par RGB

Drukāto darbu veidošanas procesā ir trīs galvenie posmi, kuros var veikt RGB krāsu konvertāciju CMYK diapazonā:
1. uz atsevišķa datora (dizainera, fotogrāfa, skenētāja)
2. uz servera sistēmas, caur kuru notiek attēlu cirkulēšana
3. RIP procesa laikā

Ir vēl vismaz viens online serviss, kas nodarbojās ar šo procesu – ColorCentric.com, kas ar vienkāršu apmaksas sistēmu un ļoti ātriem programlīdzekļiem konvertē pa vienai uz servera novietojamas bildes un uzreiz atgriež rezultātu — CMYK bilžu versijas.

Atsevišķa datora līmenī joprojām nepārspēts līderis, bez šaubām, ir Adobe Photoshop ar savām plašajām iespējām. Izmantojot konsekventus krāsu paramentrus un pareizos krāsu profilus, Photoshop var veikt ļoti precīzas RGB bilžu konversācijas CMYK formātā un procesi var tikt automatizēti, izmantojot jaunu skriptu rakstīšanas iespējas. Tomēr Photoshop nav vienīgā iespēja krāsu konvertēšanai viena datora ietvaros. Ir iespēja izmantot bilžu apstrādes programmas, tādas kā Picture Window Pro vai CMYK+ kā arī skeneru programmatūru: Binuscan ColorPro, LaserSoft Imaging’s SilverFast, Creo oXYgen, Heidelberg LinoColor, kas jau skenēšanas procesā ļauj mainīt krāsu diapazonus. Pēdējā Adobe Distiller versija piedāvā iespēju veikt krāsu konvertēšanu CMYK formātā, bet MAC lietotājiem tāda iespēja ir iebūvētajā Save as PDF operētājsistēmas funkcijā, kas, izmantojot ColorSync filtrus veic konvertācijas operācijas.

***

RIP rastrattēla procesors; RIP procesors. Procesors un programmatūra, kas pārveido vektorgrafiku un tekstu rastrgrafikas (bitkartētā) attēlā vai pilnīgi noformētā lappusē, kuru pēc tam izdrukā, izmantojot printerus, elektrostatiskos ploterus vai attēlličus (Tildes Datorvārdnīca).

Jaunās Zemfiras dziesmas tikpat patiesas kā vecās

Vienkārši tāpēc, ka patīk, nevis tāpēc, ka par poligrāfiju.

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я готова на многое, готова даже исправиться

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Prepress Technicians and Workers

U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics sagatavotais apraksts par to, kas ir prepress nozarē strādājošie.

U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics sagatavotais apraksts par to, kas ir prepress nozarē strādājošie.

Significant Points

– Most workers train on the job; some complete formal graphics arts programs or other postsecondary programs in printing technology

– Most employers prefer to hire workers with experience in the printing industry.

– Employment is projected to decline as the increased use of computers in typesetting and page layout eliminates many prepress jobs.

Nature of the Work

The printing process has three stages—prepress, press, and binding or postpress. In small print shops, job printers may be responsible for all three stages. They do the composition and page layout of the material received from the customer, check proofs for errors and print clarity and correct mistakes, print the job, and attach each copy’s pages together. In most printing firms, however, each of the stages is the responsibility of a specialized group of workers. Prepress technicians and workers are responsible for the first stage, preparing the material for printing presses. They perform a variety of tasks involved with transforming text and pictures into finished pages and making printing plates of the pages.

Typesetting and page layout have been greatly affected by technological changes over the years and, today, advances in computer software and printing technology continue to change prepress work. The old “hot type” method of text composition—in which molten lead was used to create individual letters, which were placed in frames to produce paragraphs and full pages of text— has become rare. Its successor, phototypesetting or “cold type” technology, is still used for some composition work, but it, in turn, is being rapidly replaced by computerized digital imaging technology. Customers today are able to provide printers with pages of material that look like the desired finished product they want printed and bound in volume. Using a process called “desktop publishing,” customers are increasingly using their own computers to do much of the typesetting and page layout work formerly done by prepress technicians. Many regular customers employ workers called desktop publishers to do this work. (A separate statement on desktop publishers appears elsewhere in the Handbook.) Other customers employ in-house graphic designers who do desktop publishing as part of their work, or send the work out to freelance graphic designers. (Graphic designers are discussed in the statement on designers elsewhere in the Handbook.) It is increasingly common for prepress technicians or other printing workers to receive files from the customer on a computer disk or submitted by e-mail, that contains typeset material already laid out in pages.

The printing industry is doing more prepress work using complete “digital imaging.” Using this technology, prepress technicians called “preflight technicians” take material received on computer disks from customers, check it for completeness, and format it into pages using electronic page layout systems; even though the pages may already be laid out, they still may have to be formatted to fit the dimensions of the paper stock to be used. When color printing is required, the technicians use digital color page-makeup systems to electronically produce an image of the printed pages, then use off-press color proofing systems to print a copy, or “proof,” of the pages as they will appear when printed. The technician then has the proofs delivered or mailed to the customer for a final check. Once the customer gives the “OK to print,” technicians use laser “imagesetters” to expose digital images of the pages directly onto thin aluminum printing plates.

Some customers continue to provide material to printers that is more suitable for cold type prepress technology. Cold type processing, which describes any of a variety of methods to create a printing plate without molten lead, has traditionally used “phototypesetting” to prepare text and pictures for printing. Although this method has many variations, all use photography to create images on paper. The images are assembled into page format and rephotographed to create film negatives from which the actual printing plates are made.

In one common form of phototypesetting, printed text received from the customer must first be entered into a computer programmed to hyphenate, space, and create columns of text. Typesetters or data entry clerks may do the keyboarding of text at the printing establishment. (See the Handbook statement on data entry and information processing workers.) The coded text then is transferred to a typesetting machine, which uses photography, a cathode-ray tube, or a laser to create an image on typesetting paper or film. Once it has been developed, the paper or film is sent to a lithographer who makes the actual printing plate.

With traditional photolithographic processes, the material to be printed is arranged and typeset, and then passed on to workers who further prepare it for the presses. Camera operators start the process of making a lithographic plate by photographing and developing film negatives or positives of the material to be printed. They adjust light and expose film for a specified length of time, and then develop the film in a series of chemical baths. They may load exposed film in machines that automatically develop and fix the image. The lithographic printing process requires that images be made up of tiny dots coming together to form a picture. Photographs cannot be printed without them. When normal “continuous-tone” photographs need to be reproduced, camera operators use halftone cameras to separate the photograph into an image containing the dots of varying sizes corresponding to the values of the original photograph.

Color separation photography is more complex. In this process, camera operators produce four-color separation negatives from a continuous-tone color print or transparency. Because this is a complicated and time-consuming process, most of this separation work is instead being done electronically on scanners. Scanner operators use computerized equipment to capture photographs or art as digital data, or to create film negatives or positives of photographs or art. The computer controls the color separation of the scanning process and, with the help of the operator, corrects for mistakes or compensates for deficiencies in the original color print or transparency. Each scan produces a dotted image, or halftone, of the original in 1 of 4 primary printing colors—yellow, magenta, cyan, and black. The images are used to produce printing plates that print each of these colors, with transparent colored inks, one at a time. Superimposition of the images on the photos produces “secondary” color combinations of red, green, blue, and black that approximate the colors and hues of the original photograph.

Where this process is still being used, film strippers cut the film of text and images to the required size and arrange and tape the negatives onto “flats”—or layout sheets used by platemakers to make press plates. When completed, flats resemble large film negatives of the text in its final form. Platemakers use a photographic process to make printing plates. The flat is placed on top of a thin metal plate coated with a light-sensitive resin. Exposure to ultraviolet light activates the chemical in parts of the plate not protected by the film’s dark areas. The plate then is developed in a solution that removes the unexposed nonimage area, exposing bare metal. The chemical on areas of the plate exposed to the light hardens and becomes water repellent. The hardened parts of the plate form the text and images to be printed.

During the printing process, the plate is first covered with a thin coat of water. The water adheres only to the bare metal nonimage areas, and is repelled by the hardened areas that were exposed to light. Next, the plate comes in contact with a rubber roller covered with oil-based ink. Because oil and water do not mix, the ink is repelled by the water-coated area and sticks to the hardened areas. The ink covering the hardened text is transferred to paper.

Working Conditions

Prepress technicians and workers usually work in clean, air-conditioned areas with little noise. Some workers may develop eyestrain from working in front of a video display terminal, or musculoskeletal problems such as backaches. Platemakers, who still work with toxic chemicals, face the hazard of skin irritations. Workers often are subject to stress and the pressures of short deadlines and tight work schedules.

Prepress employees usually work an 8-hour day. Some workers—particularly those employed by newspapers—work night shifts, weekends, and holidays.

Employment

Prepress technicians and workers overall held about 148,000 jobs in 2002. Of these, approximately 56,000 were employed as job printers; the remainder was employed as prepress technicians and other prepress workers. Most prepress jobs are found in the printing industry, while newspaper publishing employs the second largest number of prepress technicians and workers.

The printing and publishing industries are two of the most geographically dispersed in the United States, and prepress jobs are found throughout the country. However, jobs are concentrated in large metropolitan cities such as New York; Chicago; Los Angeles; Philadelphia; Washington, DC; and Dallas.

Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement

Traditionally, prepress technicians and workers started as helpers and were trained on the job, the length of training varying by occupation. Some jobs required years of experience performing the detailed handwork to become skillful enough to perform even difficult tasks quickly. Instead of painstakingly taping pieces of photographic negatives to flats, today’s prepress technicians increasingly use computer software skills to electronically modify and lay out the material; in some cases, the first time the material appears on paper is when the final product rolls off the printing press. As this digital imaging technology increasingly replaces cold type print technology, persons seeking to enter prepress technician jobs will require formal graphic communications training in the various types of computer software used in digital imaging.

Postsecondary graphic communications programs are available from a variety of sources. For beginners, 2-year associate degree programs offered by community and junior colleges and technical schools, and some 4-year bachelor’s degree programs in graphic design colleges teach the latest prepress skills and allow students to practice applying them. However, bachelor’s programs usually are intended for students who may eventually move into management positions in printing or design jobs. Community and junior colleges, 4-year colleges and universities, vocational-technical institutes, industry-sponsored update and retraining programs, and private trade and technical schools all also offer prepress-related courses for workers who do not wish to enroll in a degree program. Many workers with experience in other printing jobs take a few college graphic communications courses to upgrade their skills and qualify for prepress jobs. Prepress training designed to train skilled workers already employed in the printing industry also is offered through unions in the printing industry. Many employers view individuals with a combination of experience in the printing industry and formal training in the new digital technology as the best candidates for prepress jobs. The experience of these applicants in printing press operator or other jobs provides them with an understanding of how printing plants operate, familiarizes them with basic prepress functions, and demonstrates their reliability and interest in advancing in the industry.

Employers prefer workers with good communication skills, both oral and written, for prepress jobs. Prepress technicians and workers should be able to deal courteously with people because, when prepress problems arise, they sometimes have to contact the customer to resolve them. Also, in small shops, they may take customer orders. Persons interested in working for firms using advanced printing technology need to know the basics of electronics and computers. Mathematical skills also are essential for operating many of the software packages used to run modern, computerized prepress equipment. At times, prepress personnel may have to perform computations in order to estimate job costs.

Prepress technicians and workers need good manual dexterity, and they must be able to pay attention to detail and work independently. Good eyesight, including visual acuity, depth perception, field of view, color vision, and the ability to focus quickly, also are assets. Artistic ability is often a plus. Employers also seek persons who possess an even temperament and an ability to adapt, important qualities for workers who often must meet deadlines and learn how to use new software or operate new equipment.

Job Outlook

Overall employment of prepress technicians and workers is expected to decline through 2012. The number of job printers, however, is expected to grow, though at a rate slower than average. Demand for printed material should continue to grow, spurred by rising levels of personal income, increasing school enrollments, higher levels of educational attainment, and expanding markets. But increased use of computers in desktop publishing will contribute to the elimination of many jobs for prepress technicians.

Technological advances will have a varying effect on employment among the prepress occupations. This reflects the increasing proportion of page layout and design that will be performed using computers. Thus, the need for preflight technicians will remain strong. However, most prepress technicians and workers such as pasteup, composition and typesetting, photoengraving, platemaking, film stripping, and camera operator occupations are expected to experience declines as handwork becomes automated. Computer software that allows office workers to specify text typeface and style, and to format pages at a desktop computer terminal, already has eliminated most typesetting and composition jobs; more jobs will disappear in the years ahead.

Job prospects also will vary by industry. Changes in technology have shifted many prepress functions away from the traditional printing plants into advertising and public relations agencies, graphic design firms, and large corporations. Many companies are turning to in-house desktop publishing as page layout and graphic design capabilities of computer software have improved and become less expensive and more user-friendly. Some firms are finding it more profitable to prepare their own newsletters and other reports than to send them out to trade shops. At newspapers, writers and editors also are doing more composition using publishing software.

Some new jobs for prepress technicians and workers are expected to emerge in commercial printing establishments. New equipment should reduce the time needed to complete a printing job, and allow commercial printers to make inroads into new markets that require fast turnaround. Because small establishments predominate, commercial printing should provide the best opportunities for inexperienced workers who want to gain a good background in all facets of printing.

Employers in the printing industry prefer to hire workers experienced in all facets of printing. Among persons without experience, however, opportunities should be best for those with computer backgrounds who have completed postsecondary programs in printing technology or graphic communications. Many employers prefer graduates of these programs because the comprehensive training that they receive helps them to learn the printing process and to adapt more rapidly to new processes and techniques.

Earnings

Median hourly earnings of prepress technicians and workers were $14.98 in 2002. The middle 50 percent earned between $11.25 and $19.68 an hour. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $8.68, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $24.36 an hour.

For job printers, median hourly earnings were $14.47 in 2002. The middle 50 percent earned between $10.98 and $18.91 an hour. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $8.59, while the highest 10 percent earned more than $23.06 an hour.

Median hourly earnings in commercial printing, the industry employing the largest number of prepress technicians and workers, were $16.05 in 2002, while the figure for these workers in the newspaper, periodical, and book publishing industry was $13.07 an hour. For job printers, median hourly earnings in commercial printing in 2002 were $14.84, while in the newspaper, periodical, and book publishing industry median hourly earnings were $13.98.

Wage rates for prepress technicians and workers vary according to occupation, level of experience, training, location, size of firm, and union membership status.

Related Occupations

Prepress technicians and workers use artistic skills in their work. These skills also are essential for artists and related workers, graphic designers, and desktop publishers. Moreover, many of the skills used in Web site design also are employed in prepress technology.

In addition to typesetters, other workers who operate machines equipped with keyboards include data entry and information processing workers. Prepress technicians’ work also is tied in closely with that of printing machine operators, including job printers.

InDesign – darbošanās ar tekstu blokiem

Lai ērti darbotos ar tekstu blokiem iekš InDesign:

1. Ja ir izvēlēts Select Tool vai Direct Select Tool, ar dubultklikšķi jebkurā teksta blokā tiks aktivizēts Type Tool un kursors būs tajā vietā tekstā, kur tika uzsists dubultklikšķis.

2. Ja jūs strādājat ar tekstu, t.i., ir izvēlēts Type Tool un jūs kaut ko rakstat, tad ātrākais veids, kā izvēlēties kādu citu rīku vai arī vienkārši deaktivizēt teksta labošanu, ar nospiestu CTRL taustiņu ieklikšķiniet ar kreiso peles taustiņu jebkur aktīvajā teksta blokā un tad izvēlieties citu rīku vai pārejiet uz citu maketa daļu izmantojot nospiestu Space Bar taustiņu, nevis, kā tas ir gadījumā, kad teksta labošana ir aktīva, ar ALT taustiņu.

Adobe InDesign CS2 sertifikācijas eksāmena jautājumi

Atļaušos netulkot, vienīgi piebildīšu, ka man šķiet sviestaini, ka cilvēki ir sajukuši prātā dēļ XML, jo ja pat InDesign sertifikācijas jautājumos XML ir pirms darba ar tabulām un pre-press sagatavošanas, tad nu gan…

Atļaušos netulkot, vienīgi piebildīšu, ka man šķiet sviestaini, ka cilvēki ir sajukuši prātā dēļ XML, jo ja pat InDesign sertifikācijas jautājumos XML ir pirms darba ar tabulām un pre-press sagatavošanas, tad nu gan…

1.0 Document layout

1.1 Create and use a Snippet

1.2 Create and use anchored objects

1.3 List and describe how to control global defaults, document defaults, and object attributes

1.4 Given a scenario, create a new document by using the Document Setup dialog box

1.5 Create and apply document presets

1.6 Given a scenario, create the structure of a document by using guides and grids (including frame-based grids)

1.7 Given a scenario, work with Master pages (scenarios include: creating applying, basing a new Master page off an existing Master page, overriding Master page items)

1.8 Create and use graphic and text placeholders and containers

1.9 Explain how objects are organized in InDesign by using layers (options include: viewing, locking, stacking, rearranging, selecting, copying, merging, flattening)

1.10 Explain how data merge works within InDesign

2.0 Working with text

2.1 Create a User dictionary

2.2 Import a word list into a User dictionary

2.3 List and describe new text features in Adobe InDesign (features include: font preview, drag-and-drop text, dynamic spell check, autocorrect)

2.4 Apply styles to text or objects by using Quick Apply

2.5 Format a Story by using Object Styles

2.6 Given a scenario, format text by using the appropriate palette or menu item

2.7 Insert special characters by using the Type menu, Glyph palette, or contextual menu

2.8 Manipulate text by using text frame options (frame options include: threading, frame properties, resizing, text wrap, selecting text)

2.9 Create, apply, import, and modify styles by using the Character Style and Paragraph Style palettes

2.10 List and describe the advantages and disadvantages when using OpenType fonts

2.11 Edit text by using the Story editor

2.12 Create and apply a nested style

2.13 Format bullets and numbering

3.0 Drawing, arranging, and transforming objects

3.1 Create an object style by using the Object Styles palette or the Control palette

3.2 Apply transformations to selections by using the Transform Again commands

3.3 Convert shapes by using the Convert Shape command or Pathfinder palette

3.4 Describe how you can create and edit paths by using the appropriate InDesign tools

3.5 Create, edit, and thread text on a path

3.6 Modify and transform objects by using various InDesign features

3.7 Modify the contents of frames by using various InDesign features

3.8 Describe information that is displayed in the Info palette

4.0 Working with color

4.1 Select colors by using the Color Picker

4.2 Load and save swatches by using the Swatches palette

4.3 Create, edit, and apply colors to objects by using the appropriate palettes

4.4 Explain when you would use the Swatches palette versus the Color palette

4.5 Given a scenario, create, modify and apply gradients to objects by using the appropriate palettes and tools

4.6 Explain the purpose of color management, and discuss color management workflow in Adobe InDesign

4.7 Describe how to create mixed inks

5.0 Working with transparency

5.1 Given a scenario, apply transparency to an object

5.2 Describe how Adobe InDesign supports transparency features in Placed files (file formats include: Photoshop, Illustrator)

5.3 Given a scenario, create and/or apply the proper flattening style to achieve the desired output

6.0 Managing assets with Bridge

6.1 List and describe the functionality Adobe Bridge provides for viewing assets

6.2 Explain how to apply metadata and keywords to assets in Adobe Bridge

6.3 List and describe the functionality and set the appropriate options for Creative Suite Color Settings

7.0 Importing, exporting, and converting files

7.1 List and describe the features associated with placing layered .PSD, .AI, and PDF files

7.2 Choose a specific layer comp when placing a .PSD file

7.3 Change the active layer comp to a different layer comp in a layered PSD file

7.4 Save an existing InDesign CS2 document for use with InDesign CS

7.5 List and describe the features InDesign provides for importing Microsoft Word RTF documents

7.6 Select the appropriate method and file format for importing text and graphics

7.7 Given a scenario, select the appropriate options for exporting an Adobe InDesign document to PDF

7.8 Manage placed graphics by using the Links palette including editing the original in the source application

8.0 Managing long documents

8.1 Insert a footnote into a document by using the Insert Footnote command

8.2 Format footnotes by using the Footnote Options dialog box

8.3 Create a book by using the Book palette

8.4 Create a Table of Contents and Index by using the appropriate palettes and commands

8.5 Create and manage hyperlinks by using the Hyperlinks palette

8.6 Synchronize styles and swatches in a book

9.0 Preparing documents for cross-media support as a PDF document

9.1 Create interactivity for an InDesign document that will be exported

9.2 Add a movie to an InDesign document that will be exported as a PDF document

9.3 Link sounds to interactive elements in an InDesign document that will be exported as a PDF document

10.0 Working with XML

10.1 List and describe the features InDesign provides for integrating XML

10.2 List and describe the features InDesign provides for importing XML (features include: repeating text elements, delete unmatched existing elements, handling unmatched incoming elements)
10.3 Apply tags to objects by choosing options from the Tagging Presets Options dialog box
10.4 Describe workflows that are enabled by using XML
10.5 Define and assign XML tags, and export an XML file
10.6 Map styles to XML tags by using the Tags palette and the Structure view
10.7 Import a DTD and validate XML structure against the DTD

11.0 Working with tables
11.1 Create and import tables
11.2 Modify tables
11.3 Format a table
11.4 Create headers and footers in tables

12.0 Prepress and outputting to print
12.1 Describe which elements are checked and flagged during the preflight process
12.2 Describe the resulting objects when a package is prepared
12.3 Configure print settings in the Print dialog box for various types of output
12.4 Select the correct options in the Separations Preview palette in order to view separations on screen
12.5 Select the correct options in the Flattener Preview palette in order to view output

Avots: Adobe InDesign CS2 Revealed, Course Technology; 1 edition (June 1, 2005), ISBN: 1418839671.

Loga iestiklošana

Kā gadījās, kā ne — pagājušās nedēļas nogalē virtuvē tika izspiests (labi, ja gribat, izsists) viens logs. Kā jau cilvēkam, kas ir tālu no dažādām padarīšanām, kas saistītas ar logiem un būvniecību kā nozari, nācās pavadīt diezgan ilgu laiku, pētot, kas ir kas un kā ko panākt.

Secinājumi

1. Lai nomainītu loga rūts stiklu ir nepieciešams: a) jauns stikls (dooh!), b) līstītes, kas to stiklu turēs, c) naglas, ar kurām piestiprināt līstītes, kas to stiklu turēs, d) krāsa, ar ko nokrāsot tās naglas un līstītes, kas to logu turēs.

2. Normālu logu rūtīm (nejaukt ar veikalu skatlogiem) ir nepieciešams 3 mm stikls, jeb, runājot poligrāfiski — 760 gramīgais stikls.

3. Logu rūtīm ir arī pārlaides, kas obligāti jāparedz, kad nomēra laukumu. Parasti pārlaides ir 5mm.

4. Pirms izmanto kādu krāsu līstīšu un naglu krāsošanai, uztaisi proofu uz vēl nepienaglotas līstītes, jo krāsa var arī nederēt.

5. Esi uzmanīgs apdrukājot līstītes, jo var gadīties, ka krāsa trāpa uz stikla un tad tev būs brāķis vai arī vajadzēs visu sākt no sākuma.

Gramīguma rēķināšanai lieti noderēja Formulae, tables, converters specific to materials.

Par krāsu profiliem

Adobe Photoshop Color Settings
Adobe Photoshop Color Settings

Lietojot kaut vai simtiem dažādu programmu, izvēlieties tās, kurām ir iespēja darboties ar krāsu profiliem (color profiles) un atceraties:

1. krāsu profilus drīkst un vajag mainīt atkarībā no tā, kāds darbs veicams un pielāgojot to tieši tam galaproduktam, kas paredzēts

2. krāsu profiliem visās programmās, ar kurām tiek strādāts ir jābūt vienādam, pretējā gadījumā rezultāts uz papīra un/vai ekrāna nebūs tāds, kādu jūs to vēlaties sagaidīt

3. labāk ir vairākas reizes piezvanīt un painteresēties, nekā maksāt par proof-drukām vienai un tai pašai tipogrāfijai tikai tāpēc, ka negribat nokalibrēt savu darbastaciju.

Jaunie talanti

Skatoties uz to, kas notiek CGImage forumā, sāk pārņemt neviltots prieks par jaunajiem mazajiem censoņām, kas to vien dara, kā pa naktīm sēž un knabinās gar datorgrafikas programmām, bet pa dienu piezīmē savas fizikas klades. Vienīgais, kas šķiet pavisam nesaprotams ir tas, uz ko šie jaunie censoņi iet?

Gadus desmit atpakaļ, ņemoties ap diskotēku plakātiem un pelnot pirmo naudiņu vasarās kūdras purvā kraujot briketes, nekad nebiju aizdomājies, ka kaut kad vēlāk plakātu zīmēšana kļūs par ienākuma avota veidošanas stimulu tieši šādā veidā. Tagad, atskatoties uz toreiz darīto atmiņā vien ataust prieks, ka varēšu beidzot iegādāties sev datoru, lai varētu pa naktīm dzenāt Age Of Empires, nevis priecāties par Digger, kas tolaik jau bija «noiets etaps». Bet plakātus veidoju tāpēc, ka tāpēc varēja bez maksas iekļūt naktsklubā vecumā, kad man tur visnotaļ vēl nevajadzēja atrasties.

Savukārt acīgie Jelgavas tipogrāfijas darbinieki pamanīja, ka «šeku reku kaut kas jauns parādījies» un burtiski izraka mani no Jelgavas Spīdolas ģimnāzijas (toreiz vēl skolas – proģimnāzijas) sola un aicināja pabakstīties gan datoriem nopietnāk. Tā nu tapa pirmais uzzīmētais ovāls iekš Corel Draw un notika pirmā filtra lietošana iekš Adobe Photoshop. Pēc tam pirmā šampanieša dzeršana, nododot nu tiešām smieklīgu skrejlapu un laba drauga iegūšana toreizējā Jelgavas Fotolukss veikalā. Kopīgi tiek nodibināta viena no pirmajām Latvijas digitālajām studijām, sniedzot tādus pakalpojumus kā fotogrāfiju retušēšana, dažādu salikumu (layout) veidošana, fotografēšana un izglītošana. Laikam jau mans mūžīgais citātas par Platona skolu un tās fantastisko teicienu «Ja nemāki pats, tad sākumā iemāci to citam» nostrādāja, jo mācot studentiem datorgrafikas pamatus tiek arvien dziļāk un dziļāk rakts datoru pielietošanā vizualizācijas darbiem. Tad nāk prieks par Adobe Photoshop 5.5 iznākšanu, Corel Draw 9 versiju, pirmā saskare ar Macromedia Freehand, kuru tolaik lietoja vai nu tie, kuriem tas nācis mantojumā ar no Zviedrijas ievestiem humpaldatoriem, vai arī tie ir Mākslas Akadēmijas studenti, kuriem kāda man nezināma dunduka dēļ bija jāmācās strādāt tieši ar šo vektorgrafikas programmu.

Pēcāk man traģiski nācās atvadīties no Fotoluksa Digitālā salona īpašnieka, kas gāja bojā autokatastrofā. Sākās pirmās aktivitātes masu mediju lauciņā – darbošanās ap un par LLU laikrakstu «Plēsums», pēcāk Jelgavas avīzēm «Zemgales Ziņas» un «Novaja Gazeta», kurām piebiedrojās vēl kaudzīte ar pašmāju avīzēm, paralēli apgūstot arī tādas lietas, kā interneta mājaslapu veidošana, poligrāfijas specifiku, interjera dizainu un reklāmdizainu tā visplašākajā nozīmē.

Galu galā tas, ko es gribēju ar to visu patiekt ir tas, ka tajā brīdī, kad taisīju pirmo plākātiņu ar uzrakstu «Diskotēka» man nebūt nenāca prātā, ka kādreiz kļūšu par freelance artist ar no tā izrietošajām sekām, kur nu vēl par savā ziņā atzītu freelance journalist. Arī dators tika pirkts tikai tāpēc, ka gribējās uzspēlēt. Tomēr šo lietu savstarpējā mijiedarbība un sakārtotība noveda līdz tam, kas esmu tagad. Tāpēc mans ieteikums jaunajiem un spējīgajiem – necentieties atrast sev ļoti augsti apmaksātu pastāvīgu darbu pēc tam, kad esat iemācījušies sakārtot slāņus iekš Photoshop vai arī spējuši izburties cauri Bezjē līkņu komplicētībai. Turpiniet rakt tālāk un priecājaties par to, ka ir bijusi iespēja uzzīmēt logotipu apmaiņā pret divriteņa pedāļiem mammas draudzenes vīra lietoto preču veikaliņam, jo varbūt tieši šī veikaliņa izkārtne būs jūsu turpmāko gaitu pirmais kilometra stabiņš.